Because the coronavirus itself affects clotting, many experts were suspicious that the side effects were related, Bailey said. Several European countries briefly paused the administration of the AstraZeneca vaccine because of reports of blood clots occurring very rarely. Other serious side effects may or may not be tied to some of the vaccines. (For this reason, people who receive the vaccine are asked to remain at the vaccination site for 15 minutes after getting the shot.) (The Pfizer shot also induces rare cases of anaphylaxis.) The reaction occurs within 15 minutes of someone getting the vaccine, meaning it is very easy for health care providers to treat it if it does crop up. For example, anaphylaxis occurs in just 2.5 per 1 million shots for the Moderna vaccine, according to a January study in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention journal Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. In very rare instances, people may develop anaphylaxis - a life-threatening but easily treatable allergic reaction - to the COVID-19 vaccines. Some serious side effects are tied to the vaccine, but they are incredibly rare. "But the clinical studies show that 90% to 95% of patients have a great response to the vaccine whether they have side effects or not." Rare side effects "Everybody's different in the way that they process vaccines," Bailey told Live Science. Still, don't fret if you got the shot and had no side effects the vaccine is still working. Individual differences, such as stress level and diet, can also influence side effects, Desai said. That's because their immune systems have already been primed to react to the virus, Bailey said. People who previously recovered from COVID-19 are also likelier to have strong side effects - even after the first shot. Related: Who should get the Johnson & Johnson vaccine over the mRNA vaccines? So, why do people tend to report stronger side effects from the COVID-19 vaccines than from some other vaccines, such as those for the flu? The mRNA COVID-19 vaccines may trigger stronger side effects than the flu shot in part because these vaccines stimulate a stronger immune response, Desai said.
#Worst side effect of covid vaccine full
The first dose teaches the immune system to recognize the virus and start producing antibodies and T cells against it, and the second shot is what helps the vaccine reach the full 94% to 95% efficacy, Desai said. "Consistently, the second shot is showing more side effects but better immune response," Desai told Live Science. Without hesitation, the body quickly unleashes a strong immune response to destroy it - including lots of side-effect-inducing cytokines. And, in vaccines that require two shots, such as the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, side effects may also be worse after the second shot than the first one, because the T-cells remember the previous encounter with the spike protein. Range of side effectsīecause side effects can be a sign of a robust immune system training to detect and destroy the virus, younger people may be more likely to have stronger side effects than the elderly. Unlike in severe cases of COVID-19, however, the vaccines do not trigger an out-of-control response known as a cytokine storm, where the body is flooded with the inflammatory chemicals, which then damage organs, Desai said. But cytokine production plateaus within 24 to 48 hours, which is why most side effects resolve on their own within that time frame, Desai said.ĬOVID-19 vaccines introduce just enough spike protein to the immune system to trigger a response.
These inflammatory chemicals can also cause muscle pain, fatigue, headaches and other symptoms. A higher temperature makes the body less hospitable for the virus, and the rise in temperature stimulates the body to create more immune cells. Cytokines are chemical messengers that help coordinate the immune response and also trigger a fever - which is a common side effect of the COVID-19 vaccines. All of these immune cells produce inflammatory proteins known as cytokines.
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